Xenophon, Ways and means 1.1

[stephen]

[X.W.1.1

[D [1 ἐγὼ] [D μὲν] [2 τοῦτο] [3 ἀεί ποτε νομίζω,]]

[Pair1
[G [1 ὁποῖοί τινες] [2 ἂν] [3 οἱ προστάται ὦσι,]]
[S [1 τοιαύτας] [2 καὶ τὰς πολιτείας] [3 γίγνεσθαι.]]
]

[Pair2
[G [1 ἐπεὶ] [D δὲ] [2 τῶν Ἀθήνησι] [3 προεστηκότων]]
[S [1 ἔλεγόν] [2 τινες] [3 ὡς]]
]

[Pair3
[G [1 γιγνώσκουσι] [D μὲν] [3 τὸ δίκαιον]]
[S [1 οὐδενὸς] [2 ἧττον] [3 τῶν ἄλλων ἀνθρώπων,]]
]

[Pair4
[G [1 διὰ] [D δὲ] [2 τὴν τοῦ πλήθους πενίαν] [3 ἀναγκάζεσθαι]]
[S [D ἔφασαν] [1 ἀδικώτεροι εἶναι] [2 περὶ] [3 τὰς πόλεις,]]
]

[Pair5
[G [1 ἐκ τούτου] [2 ἐπεχείρησα] [3 σκοπεῖν]]
[S [1 εἴ πῃ] [2 δύναιντ᾽ ἂν] [3 οἱ πολῖται]]
]

[Pair6
[G [1 διατρέφεσθαι] [2 ἐκ] [3 τῆς ἑαυτῶν,]]
[S [1 ὅθενπερ καὶ δικαιότατον, νομίζων,]]
]

[Pair7
[G [1 εἰ] [2 τοῦτο] [3 γένοιτο,]]
[S [1 ἅμα τῇ τε πενίᾳ] [2 αὐτῶν] [3 ἐπικεκουρῆσθαι ἂν]]
[S [D καὶ] [1 τῷ] [nestedstructure [1 ὑπόπτους] [2 τοῖς Ἕλλησιν] [3 εἶναι.]]]
]




For my part I have always held that the constitution of a state reflects the character of the leading politicians. But some of the leading men at Athens have stated that they recognize justice as clearly as other men; “but,” they have said, “owing to the poverty of the masses, we are forced to be somewhat unjust in our treatment of the cities.” This set me thinking whether by any means the citizens might obtain food entirely from their own soil, which would certainly be the fairest way. I felt that, were this so, they would be relieved of their poverty, and also of the suspicion with which they are regarded by the Greek world.

[stephen]

[X.W.1.2

[Pair1
[G [1 σκοποῦντι] [2 δή] [3 μοι]]
[S [1 ἃ ἐπενόησα]]
]

[Pair2
[G [1 τοῦτο] [D μὲν] [2 εὐθὺς ἀνεφαίνετο,] [3 ὅτι]]
[S [1 ἡ χώρα] [2 πέφυκεν] [3 οἵα]]
]

[Pair3
[G [1 πλείστας] [2 προσόδους] [3 παρέχεσθαι.]]
[S [1 ὅπως] [D δὲ] [2 γνωσθῇ] [3 ὅτι]]
]

[Pair4
[G [1 ἀληθὲς] [2 τοῦτο] [3 λέγω,]]
[S [D πρῶτον] [1 διηγήσομαι] [2 τὴν φύσιν] [3 τῆς Ἀττικῆς.]]
]
]



[2] Now as I thought over my ideas, one thing seemed clear at once, that the country is by its nature capable of furnishing an ample revenue. To drive home the truth of this statement I will first describe the natural properties of Attica.

[stephen]

[X.W.1.3

[Pair1
[G [D οὐκοῦν] [1 τὸ] [D μὲν] [nestedstructure [1 τὰς ὥρας] [2 ἐνθάδε] [3 πρᾳοτάτας εἶναι]] ]
[S [D καὶ] [1 αὐτὰ τὰ] [2 γιγνόμενα] [3 μαρτυρεῖ:]]
]

[Pair2
[S [1 ἃ] [D γοῦν] [2 πολλαχοῦ] [3 οὐδὲ βλαστάνειν δύναιτ᾽ ἂν]]
[S [1 ἐνθάδε καρποφορεῖ.]]
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[Pair3
[G [D ὥσπερ] [D δὲ] [2 ἡ γῆ,]]
[S [D οὕτω] [2 καὶ ἡ περὶ τὴν χώραν θάλαττα] [3 παμφορωτάτη ἐστίν.] ]
]

[Pair4
[G [D καὶ] [1 μὴν] [2 ὅσαπερ] [3 οἱ θεοὶ]]
[S [1 ἐν] [2 ταῖς ὥραις] [3 ἀγαθὰ παρέχουσι,]]
]

[Pair5
[G [D καὶ] [1 ταῦτα πάντα] [2 ἐνταῦθα] [3 πρῳαίτατα] [D μὲν] [3 ἄρχεται,]]
[S [1 ὀψιαίτατα] [D δὲ] [1 λήγει.]]
]
]



[3] The extreme mildness of the seasons here is shown by the actual products. At any rate, plants that will not even grow in many countries bear fruit here. Not less productive than the land is the sea around the coasts. Notice too that the good things which the gods send in their season all come in earlier here and go out later than elsewhere.

[stephen]

[4] οὐ μόνον δὲ κρατεῖ τοῖς ἐπ᾽ ἐνιαυτὸν θάλλουσί τε καὶ γηράσκουσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀίδια ἀγαθὰ ἔχει ἡ χώρα. πέφυκε μὲν γὰρ λίθος ἐν αὐτῇ ἄφθονος, ἐξ οὗ κάλλιστοι μὲν ναοί, κάλλιστοι δὲ βωμοὶ γίγνονται, εὐπρεπέστατα δὲ θεοῖς ἀγάλματα: πολλοὶ δ᾽ αὐτοῦ καὶ Ἕλληνες καὶ βάρβαροι προσδέονται.

[stephen]

[5] ἔστι δὲ καὶ γῆ ἣ σπειρομένη μὲν οὐ φέρει καρπόν, ὀρυττομένη δὲ πολλαπλασίους τρέφει ἢ εἰ σῖτον ἔφερε. καὶ μὴν ὑπάργυρός ἐστι σαφῶς θείᾳ μοίρᾳ: πολλῶν γοῦν πόλεων παροικουσῶν καὶ κατὰ γῆν καὶ κατὰ θάλατταν εἰς οὐδεμίαν τούτων οὐδὲ μικρὰ φλὲψ ἀργυρίτιδος διήκει.

[stephen]

[6] οὐκ ἂν ἀλόγως δέ τις οἰηθείη τῆς Ἑλλάδος καὶ πάσης δὲ τῆς οἰκουμένης ἀμφὶ τὰ μέσα οἰκεῖσθαι τὴν πόλιν. ὅσῳ γὰρ ἄν τινες πλέον ἀπέχωσιν αὐτῆς, τοσούτῳ χαλεπωτέροις ἢ ψύχεσιν ἢ θάλπεσιν ἐντυγχάνουσιν: ὁπόσοι τ᾽ ἂν αὖ βουληθῶσιν ἀπ᾽ ἐσχάτων τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἐπ᾽ ἔσχατα ἀφικέσθαι, πάντες οὗτοι ὥσπερ κύκλου τόρνον τὰς Ἀθήνας ἢ παραπλέουσιν ἢ παρέρχονται.

[stephen]

[7] καὶ μὴν οὐ περίρρυτός γε οὖσα ὅμως ὥσπερ νῆσος πᾶσιν ἀνέμοις προσάγεταί τε ὧν δεῖται καὶ ἀποπέμπεται ἃ βούλεται: ἀμφιθάλαττος γάρ ἐστι. καὶ κατὰ γῆν δὲ πολλὰ δέχεται ἐμπορίᾳ: ἤπειρος γάρ ἐστιν.

[stephen]

[Xen.Ways1.8

[Pair1
[G [D ἔτι] [D δὲ] [1 ταῖς] [D μὲν] [1 πλείσταις πόλεσι] [2 βάρβαροι] [3 προσοικοῦντες]]
[S [1 πράγματα παρέχουσιν:]]
]

[Pair2
[G [1 Ἀθήναις] [D δὲ] [2 γειτονεύουσιν] [3 αἳ]]
[S [1 καὶ αὐταὶ] [2 πλεῖστον ἀπέχουσι] [3 τῶν βαρβάρων.]]
]
]



[8] Further, on the borders of most states dwell barbarians who trouble them: but the neighbouring states of Athens are themselves remote from the barbarians.